Bees and other pollinators

Field Tests
EPPO PP 1/170 (4)

• Field studies on at least 2 ha plots
• Mortality, flight density, development of bee colonies (brood and feed)
• Behavior of bee colonies

OECD GD no. 75

• In addition to EPPO PP 1/170 (4)
• Detailed brood development of 300 labeled cells (eggs, optionally young and / or old larvae) over one or more breeding cycles with optional hibernation

Oomen PA, De Ruijter A and Van der Steen J, EPPO 22: 613-616 (1992) Bienenbrut feeding test

• Single or chronic feeding with detailed brood development of 300 labeled cells (eggs, optionally young and / or old larvae) over one or more breeding cycles with optional hibernation
• Residue analytics of the feed solution

Semi-field tests

EPPO PP 1/170 (4)

• Tunnel test on 100 m² folk plants
• Mortality, flight density, development of bee colonies (brood and feed)
  Behavior of bee colonies

OECD GD no. 75

• In addition to EPPO PP 1/170 (4)
• Detailed brood development of 300 labeled cells (eggs, optionally young and / or old larvae) over one or more breeding cycles with optional hibernation

Residue analytics studies in relevant feed matrices

• Tunnel test on 100 m²
• 1 bee colony per tunnel
• Pollen from pollen trap and / or
  hive
• Nectar extraction from bees and / or bee colony

Honey plants
for bee examinations outdoors and semi-free-range

• Clover (Trifolium)
• Tansy phylelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia)
• Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
• Mustard
• ... more on request

Laboratory tests

• Contact Test (OECD 214)
• Oral test (OECD 213)
• Bee larvae test (acute OECD 237)
• Bee larvae test (repeated exposure OECD GD 239)
• Chronic oral test (OECD 245)
• Bee screening
• HPG's

Species
Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)

Honey plants

• Tansy phylelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia)
• Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Semi-field tests
Tunneltest on 60 m² with a bumblebee colony

• Flight activity
• Mortality
• Development of brood and colony
• Production of drones and young queens

Laboratory tests

• Mortality
• Flight density
• Development of bee colonies (brood and forage)
• Behavior of bee colonies

Species

• Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta)
• Red mason bee
  (Osmia bicornis)

Honey plants

• Tansy phylelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia)
• Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Semi-field tests
Tunnel test on 60 m²
with a nesting unit (60 females + 90 males)

• Flight activity
• Nesting activity,
• Reproduction
• Hatchability

Laboratory tests

• Contact test (based on OECD 214)
• Oral test exposure (based on OECD 213)